不同沉积环境凝析油的分子有机地球化学特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

马柯阳 《甘肃地质》1995,4(1):82-90

对中国１０个盆地不同沉积环境的４２个凝析油进行的ＧＣ、ＧＣ－ＭＳ、ＧＣ－ＡＥＤ及碳、氢同位素分析表明：海相、淡水、微咸水湖泊相、半成水湖泊相、咸水湖泊相凝析油以及沼泽相凝析油具有不同的有机分子和生物标记化合物组合以及碳氢同位素分布。海相凝析油富含异构烷烃和烷基环戊烷轻烃系列、硫芴及降姥鲛烷；贫二环倍半萜尤其是升锥满烷；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值较大，具有较重的δＤ值和较轻的δ￣（１３）Ｃ值，前者平均－２９．８‰；后者平均－１１９．７‰。陆相咸水、半咸水湖相凝析油富含含硫化合物尤其是硫芴；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值略小于海相凝析油；具明显植烷优势；具有较重的δ￣（１３）Ｃ值和δＤ值，平均值分别为－２５．５‰和－１２１．２‰，全烃色谱具继承性微弱奇偶优势。微咸水、淡水湖相凝析油相对富含二环倍半萜尤其是锥满烷和升锥满烷及芴。沼泽相凝析油富含甲苯、甲基环己烷（轻烃）、二环倍半萜及氧芴；尚检出有按叶油烷等陆相生标化合物；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值较小，具有姥鲛烷优势；δ￣（１３）Ｃ值较重，平均值为－２６．５‰。  相似文献   

海底热液活动区地微生物学研究中的分子生物学技术   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李江涛  周怀阳  彭晓彤  吴自军 《地球科学进展》2009,24(9):1015-1023

海底热液活动区微生物生态及其相关研究一直是近年来海洋地微生物学研究的热点之一。有关发现不断挑战着人们对微生物的代谢机理、生存极限、元素地球化学循环作用等方面的传统认识。与传统的富集培养方法相比,主要基于16S rRNA基因和特征性功能基因系统的发育分析等技术为研究这一极端环境中栖息的微生物群落提供了更为系统和全面的手段。这些技术包括基因文库构建(16S rRNA和其它功能基因)、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)以及定量PCR等。目前,上述技术手段广泛应用于全球海底热液活动区地微生物学的研究,在丰富地球物种多样性、调查微生物参与的元素地球化学循环过程、研究微生物与矿物的相互作用以及生命起源与演化等方面取得了大量的研究成果。简要介绍了常规分子生物学技术的基本原理及其在海底热液活动区地微生物学研究中的应用现状。  相似文献   

饱和烃经5à分子筛络合前后单体烃碳同位素分析对比研究     

杜丽  李立武  孟仟祥  房玄  丁万仁  王广 《沉积学报》2005,23(4):747-752

通过对自配标准样品(正构烷烃)进行5à分子筛吸附试验,测定了用5分子筛吸附法分离前后正构烷烃、异构烷烃和环烷烃碳同位素值,探讨试验前后碳同位素值的变化。尽管实验过程中样品经过85℃长时间加热回流及吸附样品的5à分子筛用氢氟酸酸化处理,但实验结果经仪器检测,证明该方法对正构烷烃碳同位素值影响因素不大。本文还介绍了原油和煤可溶有机质中饱和烃络合前后的单体烃碳同位素分析方法。并在前人工作的基础上,改进采用微型索氏抽提加热回流实验装置,既提高了样品的回收率,也减少了样品中轻组分的损失。  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their molecular diagnostic ratios in urban atmospheric respirable particulate matter   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

María del Rosario Sienra  Nelson G. Rosazza  Margarita Prndez 《Atmospheric Research》2005,75(4):267-281

Atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Santiago de Chile city were evaluated to study particulate PAHs profiles during cold and spring weather periods. Urban atmospheric particulate matter PM10 was collected using High Volume PM10 samplers. Fifteen samples of 24 h during austral winter and 20 samples of 24 h during spring, 2000 were collected at two sampling sites (North–East and Central areas of the city) whose characteristics were representative of the prevailing conditions. Seventeen PAHs were quantified and total PAHs concentration ranged from 1.39 to 59.98 ng m⁻³, with a seasonal variation (winter vs. spring ratio) from 0.5 to 12.6 ng m⁻³. Molecular diagnostic ratios were used to characterize and identify PAHs emission sources such as combustion and biogenic emissions. Results showed that the major sources of respirable organic aerosol PM10 in Santiago are mobile and stationary ones.  相似文献   

固体介质中弹性波传播机制的细胞自动机有限深势阱模型     

赵雪平  杨宝俊 《地球物理学进展》2002,17(3):390-398

分析了采用细胞自动机研究波动问题的建模方法，针对一维、均匀、各向同性固体介质中弹性纵波的微观机制，借用一经典弹簧振子模型、细胞自动机格子气模型，以及量子力学中的无限深势阱模型，建立了一个细胞自动机有限深势阱模型，从量子力学角度出发，基于介观物理和纳米概念，以微观精子的德布罗意假设为基础，利用薛定谔方程，讨论了该模型中粒子（分子组）的振动速度与粒子物质波波速之间的联系，给出了模型中的波动方程，得出ζ＝Vp（ζ为粒子振动速度，Vp为物质波纵波波速）。同时还讨论了模型中粒子的大小和能量传递问题，引入引力场，得出了能量及引力势的量子化条件，另外，对声波速度、格子气粒子振动速度和本文模型中分子组振动速度进行了比较；还对本文模型中的粒子能量分布作了分析。  相似文献   

Mössbauer investigations and molecular orbital calculations on epidote     

M. Grodzicki  S. Heuss-Assbichler  G. Amthauer 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(9):675-681

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Seepage and consolidation of bentonite saturated with pure- or salt-water by the method of unified molecular dynamics and homogenization analysis     

Y. Ichikawa  K. Kawamura  M. Nakano  K. Kitayama  T. Seiki  N. Theramast 《Engineering Geology》2001,60(1-4):127-138

Bentonite clay is a micro-inhomogeneous material, which consists of clay minerals (mainly montmorillonite), macro-grains (mainly quartz), water, air and others. Properties of the saturated bentonite clay are essentially characterized by the montmorillonite and water (i.e. montmorillonite hydrate). We analyze the molecular behavior of sodium montmorillonite hydrate Na_1/3Al₂[Si_11/3Al_1/3]O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O by applying a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. And by using the MD results we calculate the swelling property of the montmorillonite hydrate, and compare with an experimental result. Next, by using the same MD procedure we treat a montmorillonite mineral with a large number of external water molecules to check the properties of the water. Here we treat pure- and salt-water. Then we calculate the diffusivity and viscosity of water molecules and Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.

For extending the microscopic characteristics of constituent materials to a macroscopic seepage behavior of the micro-inhomogeneous material we apply a homogenization analysis (HA). That is, starting with the Navier–Stokes equation with distributed viscosity that is calculated by the former MD procedure we determine macroscopic permeability characteristics of bentonite for both cases of pure- and salt-water. Then, by using the permeability property we calculate long-term consolidation behavior of buffering clay, which is planed to be used for high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) management. Here the deformation is treated under the well-defined Cam clay model.  相似文献   

岩石中微生物学研究的分子生物学技术——中国大陆科学钻探（CCSD）微生物研究     

李光玉王远亮  董海良东秀珠 董志扬 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):2107-2111

本文介绍了中国大陆科学钻探（CCSD）微生物学研究中所建立起来的分子生物学技术，即环境基因组DNA提取、16SrDNA分析、Real-timePCR技术和磷脂酸分析技术。另外探索了防污染的手段以及监测方法，并介绍了我们以这种方法对CCSD的微生物学研究所得到的一些初步结果。  相似文献   

Early stage of critical clusters growth in phenomenological and molecular dynamics simulation models     

Romuald Puzyrewski  Jaros&#x;aw Rybicki  Micha&#x; Bia&#x;oskrski 《Atmospheric Research》2006,82(3-4):465

The growth of critical clusters is discussed in the paper according to the classical and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches. A new formula for molecule numbers in critical clusters has been derived within the framework of the classical approach. A set of equations controlling the early stage of growth in a neighborhood of a critical size is presented. As far as molecular dynamics simulation is concerned, a computational technique based on the DL_POLY code is described in brief. Computation results are presented concerning cluster formation of H₂O vapor, distribution of clusters versus time, cluster growth and radial density distribution of isolated clusters. A comparison with the classical results is made for a case of dense vapor, where the mechanism of strong condensation is predominant. The Hertz–Knudsen formula seems to be verified by the molecular dynamics results.  相似文献   

利用钾长石粉水热合成13X沸石分子筛的实验研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

白峰  马鸿文  章西焕 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2004,23(1):10-14

对综合利用钾长石提钾工艺中的重要高附加值副产品13X沸石分子筛的合成进行了实验研究。对福建沙县的钾长石粉加入配料NaCO3进行焙烧实验，确定培烧的最佳工艺参数为：钾长石粉：NaCO3=1：1．30(摩尔比)，焙烧温度为845℃，焙烧时间为150min；优化的水热合成条件为M2O／SiO2(mo1)=1．50，H2O／M2O(mo1)=40．0，合成时间为8h，晶种加入量为9．0％。对合成样品化学成分分析、X射线物相分析、红外光谱分析、扫描电镜分析表明，合成13X沸石分子筛结晶完好，性能优良．水热反应经由溶解水合反应和聚合浓缩反应两大阶段。  相似文献